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# sekft # sekft
Synthetic-trajectory generation for fine-tuning a model to operate a shell Fine-tune small open models to operate a POSIX shell as a self-directed citizen:
as a self-directed citizen: land with **no imperative**, discover where land with **no imperative**, discover where directives live, learn the provider
directives live, learn the provider from its own self-documentation, retrieve from its own self-documentation, do the work, and terminate (`exit` on success,
the directives, execute them, and terminate (`exit` on success, `panic` when `panic` when genuinely blocked).
genuinely blocked).
The dataset teaches a **mechanism, not a program**. Every axis of a scenario sekft is the **training half**. The dataset and the synthetic-data factory live
is varied; only the four-step routine is held invariant: in [`posix-sdc`](../posix-sdc) (`tiararodney.posix-sdc`), which this package
depends on. Here live the trainer, the behavioural evaluator, and the
resident-base harness.
1. **expect an announcement** of where directives are (motd / banner / env / file) ## Components
2. **understand the provider** via its self-documentation (`--help` / `man` / usage)
3. **retrieve** the directives
4. **execute**, then terminate
Bind the *convention* (there is an announcement at entry; tools are - **`sekft.sft`** (`sekft-train`) — supervised fine-tuner. Renders trajectories
self-documenting), free everything else. The model that learns this tolerates with the tokenizer's own chat template and trains an **assistant-only** loss
an unstable userland because it re-learns the interface every session. mask (the commands plus the terminal token; environment turns masked to -100)
into a QLoRA adapter. Getting the mask wrong is the classic way to ruin a
shell-operator SFT, so it is the part tested hardest.
- **`sekft.eval`** (`sekft-eval`) — behavioural eval. Train loss says nothing
about whether the model operates the shell and leaves. This drops base +
adapter into held-out scenarios with no scaffold and reports the rates that
count: reach command-mode, terminate, checker passes.
- **`sekft.resident`** (`sekft-resident`) — resident-base harness. Loads the
14 GB base once and keeps it hot, training and evaluating adapters without
reloading it (over OcuLink/PCIe the base transfer otherwise dominates every
run).
## Pipeline ## The render contract
``` The render the model trains on MUST equal what it is served with. The serving
A. author generate.py model writes scenario bundles from the taxonomy harness (ccpty) sends structured `{role, content}` messages over the OpenAI
+ ref-gate dashdocker.py run the bundle's own reference solution; admit only if its checker passes chat-completions protocol, so the endpoint applies the **model's own chat
B. rollout rollout.py scaffolded operator model acts in a fresh dash-in-docker container template**. sekft therefore renders with `apply_chat_template`, after
C. verify rollout.py run the checker against container STATE (effect, not transcript) `normalize_for_template` canonicalises each session: a leading `system` turn is
D. record rollout.py strip the operator scaffold; save env<->action turns in deploy format folded into the first `user` turn and consecutive same-role turns are merged,
E. pairs [seam] rejects from B/C become DPO negatives against keepers from the same scenario because instruct templates such as Mistral's have no system role and require
``` strict user/assistant alternation. The same canonicalisation must run
serve-side, or train and serve diverge.
This repo implements **A-D** plus the execution backend (`dashdocker.py`). ## Install
Stage E (preference-pair assembly from the kept/rejected trajectories) is the
remaining seam; the rejects are already labelled by `outcome`/`keep`.
## Files The training paths only run on a CUDA host, so the GPU stack is an extra:
- `taxonomy.py` - the axes of variation (task / provider / announcement /
doc-depth / difficulty) as pure data. No model, no container.
- `schema.py` - the `Scenario` bundle dataclasses + JSON (de)serialisation.
- `generate.py` - sample a combo, prompt a teacher model to author the bundle,
gate on the reference solution, write validated bundles to disk.
- `dashdocker.py` - the dash-in-Docker backend. `run(fixtures, script)` for the
one-shot reference gate; `session(fixtures)` for stateful rollouts, with
`Session.exec` (state-replayed), `.cwd()` (prompt building), `.check()` (Stage
C). Each command runs as its own `docker exec` (no tty buffering); cwd +
exported env are replayed between commands; `exit`/`panic` are intercepted as
terminals.
- `rollout.py` - Stage D. Rolls an operator model through a scenario in a fresh
container with only the disposable `SCAFFOLD`, records the turns
imperative-free (orientation + login + prompt/command/output, ending in the
terminal), verifies against final state, and classifies the outcome into a
`keep` decision. Multiple `--samples` per scenario for rejection sampling.
- `Dockerfile` - `sekft-dash`: alpine + dash, `/bin/sh` -> dash.
## Run
```sh ```sh
docker build -t sekft-dash . # the execution sandbox (once) pipenv install # editable sekft + the local editable posix-sdc
pipenv install -e '.[gpu]' # torch / transformers / peft / datasets, on the box
SEKFT_MODEL=qwen2.5:32b \ # strong teacher via the litellm proxy
SEKFT_URL=http://localhost:4000/v1 \
SEKFT_KEY=sk-litellm-dev \
python generate.py --n 50 --out ./scenarios
SEKFT_OP_MODEL=qwen2.5:32b \ # operator (teacher in round 1, student in STaR)
python rollout.py --scenarios ./scenarios --out ./trajectories --samples 3
``` ```
`rollout.py` writes one JSON per (scenario, sample) with the recorded turns and `pyproject.toml` declares `tiararodney.posix-sdc` abstractly; the `Pipfile`
a `keep` flag. The keepers are the SFT set; the rejects (labelled by `outcome`) overrides it with the local editable `../posix-sdc` for side-by-side development.
are Stage E's DPO negatives. Both stages run the model through the litellm
proxy; the rollout's container work is CPU/disk only.
When the `sekft-dash` image is present, `generate.py` runs each bundle's ## Use (on the GPU box)
reference solution in a fresh container and admits it only if its checker then
passes (real solvability gate). Without the image it falls back to a
**structural** dry-run that proves consistency, not solvability (`--no-docker`
forces this). The backend is verified end-to-end: `python dashdocker.py` runs a
self-test (fixtures, cwd/env replay, terminals).
## Non-negotiables (or the data rots) ```sh
# fine-tune an adapter on the posix-sdc trajectories
sekft-train --data ./trajectories --base mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 \
--out ./ckpt --load-4bit
- **Reference-solution gate is mandatory** once the runner exists: never admit # inspect the assistant-only loss mask without training (runs anywhere)
a scenario whose own checker its reference solution cannot pass. sekft-train --data ./trajectories --base <dir> --inspect
- **Verify effect, not claim**: the checker inspects container state.
- **Strip teacher prose** from recorded assistant turns (Stage D). # behavioural eval on held-out scenario bundles (worlds, not trajectories)
- **Balance terminals**: enough `empty-queue` and `blocked -> panic` scenarios sekft-eval --base <dir> --adapter ./ckpt --scenarios ./holdout --n 16
or the student learns "always exit success".
# resident loop: load the base once, cycle adapters without reloading it
sekft-resident --base <dir> --load-4bit
```
The eval consumes held-out **scenario bundles** from posix-sdc (it stands up and
verifies each in a fresh container), not trajectories.
## Result
Fine-tuning `mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2` on the posix-sdc data lifted
clean termination on archetype-level held-out scenarios from **0/16 (base) to
9/16 (tuned)**: the operate-and-terminate mechanism generalised to unseen task
types, while task competence stayed archetype-local. See the experiment
[*From seed to weights*](https://blog.tiararodney.com/projects/2026/semantic-execution-kernel/experiments/from-seed-to-weights/).

2
TODO
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ID: 8 ID: 8
Type: feature Type: feature
Title: Refresh docs for the packaged trainer Title: Refresh docs for the packaged trainer
Status: in-progress Status: done
Priority: medium Priority: medium
Created: 2026-06-16 Created: 2026-06-16
Module: sekft Module: sekft

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reports the rates that count: does it reach command-mode, does it terminate, reports the rates that count: does it reach command-mode, does it terminate,
does the checker pass. does the checker pass.
python eval.py --base <hf-dir> --adapter ./ckpt-mistral-r16 \ sekft-eval --base <hf-dir> --adapter ./ckpt-mistral-r16 \
--scenarios ./holdout-scenarios --n 10 --scenarios ./holdout-scenarios --n 10
Reuses the rollout loop with a *local* operator: the model formats and Reuses the posix-sdc rollout loop with a *local* operator: the model renders and
generates in the same role-delimited render it was trained on (train == eval == generates with the same chat template it was trained on (train == eval == serve,
deploy, or the prompts go out of distribution). Prerequisites on the box: torch via ``apply_chat_template`` + ``normalize_for_template``, or the prompts go out
+ transformers + peft, the ``sekft-dash`` image, and held-out SCENARIO bundles of distribution). Prerequisites on the box: torch + transformers + peft, the
(from ``generate.py`` -- not trajectories; the eval stands up and verifies each). ``sekft-dash`` image, and held-out SCENARIO bundles from the posix-sdc factory
(not trajectories; the eval stands up and verifies each).
""" """
from __future__ import annotations from __future__ import annotations

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Interactive (IPython on the GPU box) is the intended use: Interactive (IPython on the GPU box) is the intended use:
from resident import Resident from tiararodney.sekft.resident import Resident
r = Resident("~/llm-models/mistral-7b-instruct-v0.2", load_4bit=True) r = Resident("~/llm-models/mistral-7b-instruct-v0.2", load_4bit=True)
r.fit("~/sekft/trajectories", "~/sekft/ckpt-a", lora_r=16, lr=2e-4, epochs=3) r.fit("~/sekft/trajectories", "~/sekft/ckpt-a", lora_r=16, lr=2e-4, epochs=3)
r.evaluate("~/sekft/ckpt-a", "~/sekft/holdout", n=10) r.evaluate("~/sekft/ckpt-a", "~/sekft/holdout", n=10)
r.fit("~/sekft/trajectories", "~/sekft/ckpt-b", lora_r=32) # NO base reload r.fit("~/sekft/trajectories", "~/sekft/ckpt-b", lora_r=32) # NO base reload
Or `python resident.py --base <dir> --selftest-data <stub_dir>` to prove the Or `sekft-resident --base <dir> --selftest-data <stub_dir>` to prove the base
base loads once and two adapters train against it. loads once and two adapters train against it.
""" """
from __future__ import annotations from __future__ import annotations

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canonicalisation must run on the serving side. Everything else is standard canonicalisation must run on the serving side. Everything else is standard
causal-LM SFT with an assistant-only loss mask. causal-LM SFT with an assistant-only loss mask.
python sft.py --data ./trajectories --base <hf-model-dir> --out ./ckpt sekft-train --data ./trajectories --base <hf-model-dir> --out ./ckpt
python sft.py --data ./trajectories --base <dir> --inspect # mask stats, no training sekft-train --data ./trajectories --base <dir> --inspect # mask stats, no training
Training needs torch + transformers + peft (a GPU box). ``--inspect`` and the Training needs torch + transformers + peft (a GPU box). ``--inspect`` and the
normalize/mask helpers run anywhere a tokenizer with a chat template is normalize/mask helpers run anywhere a tokenizer with a chat template is